Business Requirements at Canadian Tire Essay

The Canadian Tire Corporation (CTC) was initiated in 1922 when two brothers opened an auto parts store and garage in Toronto, Canada. From 1922 to 2003, their organization grew into a much larger network of businesses, including retail, financial services, and petroleum operations (Haggerty, 2003). There was 45,000 employees working at the various CVC businesses across Canada, and more than 1,000 stores and gas bars. As stated in the reading, CTC businesses were actually comprised into five groups including the following: Canadian Tire Retail, Canadian Tire Financial Services, Candida Tire Petroleum, PartSource, and Mark’s Work Wearhouse. Initially, this group of businesses used numerous different hardware, software, operating systems, network services, development tools, and applications. As explained in the reading, the systems at Canadian Tire Retail included POS (point-of sales) systems which were networked to the Canadian Tire Retail data center. The systems at Mark’s Work Wearhouse, on the other hand, operated differently and remained separate from the other CTC corporations. While Canadian Tire Retail ran IBM-AS/400 systems in stores, CTFS utilized IBM RS6000 with Intel-Based workstations. PartSource and Canadian Tire Petroleum’s daily transactions were relayed directly into the corporate network from their point-of-sale systems. The Canadian Tire Corporation’s IT department operated and supported over a hundred different mainframe, server, desktop development and integration tools, ten different hardware platforms, 14 operating systems, seven database management systems, and over 450 different production applications. Much of the systems were described as â€Å"niche† and â€Å"sunset† technologies indicating outdated and inefficient technology. For this reason, and others, IT spending at CTC was considerably higher than the industry standard, and this would only continue to grow. It was necessary for Canadian Tire Corporation to develop an integrated data warehouse system. There were many key individuals whose roles were essential in the shift to developing a new MODULE 2: COURSE PROJECT BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS 3 strategy for Canadian Tire Corporation. Perhaps the most crucial role was that of Andy Wnek, Chief Information Officer/Chief Financial Officer. Wnek led the strategic plan in 2002 (and going forward) to develop the first IT strategy document in many years. Michael Eubanks was hired as Director of Marketing IT which came with the responsibility of creatively partnering more with Canadian Tire Retail. Bridget Martens was assigned as Business Intelligence Manager in early 2003. She was given the responsibility of coordinating the business intelligence program as it began. These individuals played key roles in the development of the business intelligence initiative at Canadian Tire Corporation. The implementation of a data warehouse involved laying out a vision to be â€Å"an agile IT team, aligned to business priorities, operating a simpler technical environment with the appropriate standardized processes† (Haggerty, 2003). In order to achieve this vision, many requirements were necessary to move forward. First of all, Canadian Tire Retail’s image had historically reflected that of a wholesaler, and the IT group had the challenge of changing this image to that of a retailer, rather than a wholesaler. In order to do this, the team realized that more data was necessary in order to analyze data as a retailer. They were required to look at data on a more analytical basis, analyzing the product, store, and margin trends (Haggerty, 2003). In order to do this, the IT group built the IW in which data was extracted, transformed, and loaded from a variety of sources. This was the essence of building the data warehouse: to consolidate the date into one main system where the information could be analyzed to help form critical business decisions. Additionally, three imperative requirements were identified during the IT strategy 2003. These included the requirements of: becoming better aligned to the business to support strategic and operational priorities and adaptability to changing business priorities, controlling costs through simplifying the technical architecture, improving productivity, and controlling expenses, and implementing governance of IT resources including standardization, risk management, and MODULE 2: COURSE PROJECT BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS 4 developing/implementing sustainable processes. The requirements laid out in this vision actually prompted the development of four programs from the periods of 2003 to 2005. The first program involved implementing a CIO governance program. The second program, provided â€Å"organizational and people capabilities† (Haggerty, 2003) and specified key services that the IT group would need to be able to support to the organization. The third involved process improvements which helped to organize an annual IT strategy planning process. The fourth program involved technological direction which â€Å"laid the foundation for re-architecting the organization† (Haggerty, 2003). The areas of business intelligence and data management, application deployment, integration and messaging, standardization and simplification, and security deployment were five areas that required immediate attention. For this reason, these areas also serve as requirements for the data warehouse and business intelligence initiatives to take place. Canadian Tire Corporation is an example of a company in distress whose current architecture and infrastructures did not suffice for longevity and success. The case study further details the journey of CTC, along with its web of networked businesses, as it attempted to change business strategy in an effort to create a more enhanced system of data warehousing and business intelligence. MODULE 2: COURSE PROJECT BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS 5 References Haggerty, N. & Meister, D. (2003). Business Intelligence Strategy at Canadian Tire [Case Study]. Ivey Management Services.

Aldi Case Essay

Individual Action points included in the presentation8 Appendix8 Executive Report Group 9 was assigned with the Aldi case study for the Marketing Management assessment. I was assigned with the role of Group Leader by the members and also trusted with the work for the PowerPoint presentation slides as I stated that I have the proper knowledge. The role of the leader was taken seriously and I starting setting the meeting conditions and proposed and delegated the individual research subjects related to our group case study. The individual research I undertook for the Aldi case study was the defining the Lean concept and detail research of the Continuous Improvement concept. As a group leader I took the decision that all the individual pieces of research to be presented inside the group for all to acknowledge the management concepts used into making the company run lean processes and getting customer satisfaction. Personally I designed the slides and the structure, which was later slightly modified by John Vincent’s proposal. Together we practiced and we have presented remarkably at the final presentation. Within the presentation I exposed a summary of the theoretical concepts of Lean Production, Continuous Improvement, Time Based Management, JIT production and Total Quality Management and was followed by Medet Coban who presented the Economies of Scale Concept while in the closing part John Vincent presented the benefits of Lean Thinking concluded with a Market research regarding Aldi’s competitive advantage. Key areas of personal research and sources of information As part of the Group 9 which had as case study the food retailing company ALDI, the following areas of research have been identified: * Lean thinking philosophy * Lean production * Continuous Improvement * Just In Time Management * Total Quality Management * Economies of Scale. The research of these concepts was distributed among the group members for a more in depth research and understanding. The key areas of research that I undertook for the group activity were 1. Defining and understanding the concepts of Lean Thinking Philosophy and Lean Production 2. Continuous Improvement. Used as sources of information for the foundation of my research were the LSC Library where I am registered as a student and the internet research. Also the group used the information of the case study. The proportion of the Library research weighted aprox. 80% of the total personal research, while the case study information weighted 10% and the internet sources also about 10%. The book references will be found in the appendix at the end of this report. Key theoretical positions summary In the group presentation there were analyzed and presented the following theoretical issues: The Mission and the Objectives The Mission is established by the top management of a company. It represents the long term achievements that are wanted to be reached and the basic principles to be followed to get as close as possible to the proposed mission. These principles must be followed by all employees as they represent the company’s values and in time the will develop into the company’s culture. The Objectives or targets are meant to set the results of the activity that the company needs to achieve in order to accomplish the mission set at the beginning. They can be quantitative or qualitative but always they have to be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time defined) In our presentation it was specified that the Aldi’s mission was established using the ideology Lean Thinking and that Aldi uses the same philosophy’s principles in order to achieve its business objective for growth and continuous improvement. Lean Thinking is the concept where efficiency is developed by the improvement of the quality while reducing the costs, time, space and effort. The concept is used most of the time interchangeable with the JIT concept. Lean Production is the process of organizing each process of an organization with the purpose of increasing the efficiency and minimizing the waste. Next there were presented the others concepts used as tools into achieving the lean processes as they were also presented in the case study: Continuous Improvement – relies on gradually improving the organization’s processes for a cumulative increased rate of performance improvement. A learning organization is also able to generalize the knowledge gained in the improvement process by its employees and then replicate it among them. Time Based Management – it’s a general approach meant to reduce the level of unproductive time of the business’ processes. It usually requires multi-trained staff and/or advanced technology but it leads to advantages like faster market adaptability and a faster new product development. Just in Time Production – the management system where a company provides its products/services only as demanded on the market. The benefits of JIT are the reduced cost of stock management (only the necessary stock needed to cover for potentially delay of the suppliers or the production itself), fast adaptability for the demands on the market and waste reduction. Total Quality Management – a general management concept that concludes that all the factors and the resources of the company should be used towards achieving long term success through customer satisfaction. Its philosophy is getting things done right the first time. Economies of Scale – is an effect of running the organization efficiently and applying also the previous concepts. It presumes that a company will increase their incomes with a larger production/activity while maintaining approximately the same level of costs by using its resources efficiently. Individual Key Conclusions First we learned about Lean Thinking concept and how important it is in today’s world to be efficient. Studying ALDI case study we analyzed and discovered that having a competitive advantage on the market is both beneficial for the company and the customers in the same time. ALDI’s competitive advantage was to offer the customers the high quality products at lower prices by using the efficiency concepts that allowed them to run their processes with the minimum waste and costs. The lean thinking was adopted by the top management and included in the mission statement and the business objectives as the strategy to deliver the business benefits to the stockholders and the customers. The efficiency concepts used are interchangeable and complementary and they all lead towards achieving economies of scale profitability. Continuous improvement – everybody in the organization is to accept the responsibility of their tasks and contribute to the efficiency of the organization by improving the process and the standards of the activity. Time Based Management – is the most efficient when the company relies on multi skilled trained staff and can be considered as one of the main results of the continuous improvement. Just In Time concept orientates the company’s activity towards the market requirements and allows it adapt its production volume, standards and diversity to the requirements of the customers. Total Quality Management is a global management concept that guides the entire organization’s activity towards achieving customer satisfaction and every process must be efficiently improved to meet the quality, price and customer service demanded by the consumer. Economies of scale are the primary result of the efficiency concepts that have been applied in an integrated manner towards improving the business processes and to deliver the customer satisfaction. This will achieve the long term durability and development of the company as the mission and the objectives are oriented. The practical issues that arose prior to the presentation were: * The difficulty into arranging a meeting were all the members be present and therefore making some of the group decisions just based on the judgement of the named leader. * The structure of the presentation was changed just on the last meeting as an intervention of one of the members. The risk of losing time into the preparation and repetition was bigger than the risk of the last minute change and therefore we adopted the idea. After having the Power point slides done there have been modifications into the presentation which there were not changed into the printed handout due to the lack of time. Key Critical Observations and Commentary The first impression regarding the case study was that I would have had rather as the group assessment the marketing research and the development of a new marketing strategy. The start of the work on this piece was delayed due to the uncertainty of what exactly we are supposed to do. However, working on this case study gave me the opportunity to remark that Marketing is an integrated component of the entire organizational structure even though the concepts were mostly about operational management. Discovering the management concepts like Continuous Improvement, Just In Time Management, Time Based Management or Total Quality Management made the group realize that the Marketing Strategy is more efficient when the company has its production and services oriented towards getting customer satisfaction. The individual assignment directions I found to be a little bit confusing. Key topics of personal learning They key topic that I personally learned as a result of undertaking the group assignment was the Continuous Improvement concept. I have learned that Continuous Improvement is one of the two improvement methods, the second one being Discontinuous Change or Business Process Innovation. While the second method has a rather radical approach and it’s mostly used as a final resort to adapt to the environment requirements, Continuous improvement relies on gradually improving the organization’s processes for a cumulative increased rate of performance improvement. The 3 steps in assuring CI are: 1. creating the appropriate environment – the Company must create an ambience where all employees adopt the organization’s values and then set up standard procedures for the improvement process. The most common procedure is Deming’s and Shewhart’s Plan Do Control Act cycle. 2. Involving everyone in the Organization – Company is responsible for the employees’ participation. They must train the staff in Statistical Programming Control and work teams to encourage employee participation as well as setting the objectives like Quality Costs Delivery Safety Moral. . Using the proper Problem Solving Skills – Company must make sure that all teams have the appropriate Problem Solving Skills for the process improvement they’re responsible for. Continuous Improvement also relates to the concept of Learning Organization which means that learning of individuals must be generalized and replicated inside the comp any to achieve the best optimum improvement performance. Executive Summary of The Group activity I consider that the team we created and the group assignment was successful due to the following factors: * The final presentation went well, as planned and everybody was happy of the result; * Each student had the opportunity to do a piece of research and then presenting it to the other members of the group which helped learn individually and also teach each other in an interactive manner; * Group relations were well linked and there were no complaints to each other inside the group. The presentation of the individual research increased everyone’s confidence of taken a real presentation on their own for different subjects and in different situations. Individual Action points included in the presentation The personal contribution towards the group presentation consists of: 1. I was firstly elected as the leader of the group. My role was taken seriously and I tried to set the best times for meetings and also tried to get everyone involved in the decisions and brainstorming proc ess 2. I suggested leads to be followed for the presentation. I divided the research subjects and made everyone responsible for their own piece of work. The summary of each subject of research was presented individually inside the group. 3. PowerPoint slides’ design and structure were set personally and each member has its contribution with the content of their research for one slide of presentation. 4. Created the speech for the piece of presentation I was involved and took an active role into the practice of the presentation by directing and suggesting improvements.

Call money and commercial bill market

Call money and commercial bill market Global Financial Market As all the Financial Markets in India together form the Indian Financial Markets, all the Financial Markets of Asia together form the Asian Financial Markets; likewise all the Financial Markets of all the countries of the world together form the Global Financial Markets. Financial Markets deal with trading (buying and selling) of financial securities (stocks and bonds), commodities (valuable metals or food grains), and other exchangeable and valuable items at minimum transaction costs and market efficient prices. Financial Markets can be domestic or international. The Global Financial Markets work as a significant instrument for improved liquidity. Financial Markets can be categorized into six types: Capital Markets: Stock markets and Bond markets Commodity Markets Money Markets Derivatives Markets: Futures Markets Insurance Markets Foreign Exchange Markets The Financial Markets play a major role in the Global Economy because it helps busi nesses to raise capital (in capital markets), they facilitate transferring of risk (in derivative markets), and they help international trade (in currency markets) to prosper. The International Stock Markets form a major part of the Global Financial Markets. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange, which started operating in continuous trade in the earlier part of the 17th Century. Some of the Important Stock Exchanges of the world are: The New York Stock Exchange (merged with Euro next): The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is a stock exchange based in New York City, USA that was incorporated in 1817. In terms of dollar volume, it is the largest stock exchange in the world, and in terms of the number of companies listed it is the second largest stock exchange in the world. The NYSE is also known as the Big Board. The indexes used in the NYSE are the NYSE Composite Index and the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index. The NYSE functions under NYSE Euro next, the format ion of which was the result of NYSE’s merger with Archipelago Holdings and Euro next. Tokyo Stock Exchange: The Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), incorporated in 1949, is located in Tokyo, Japan. In terms of monetary volume, The Tokyo Stock Exchange is the second largest stock exchange in the world, only next to New York Stock Exchange. The indexes used in the TSE are Nikkei 225, Topix, and J30. NASDAQ: The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, or NASDAQ, is an electronic stock market based in New York City, USA that was incorporated in 1971. The NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. is the owner and regulator of NASDAQ. The main index used in NASDAQ is the NASDAQ Composite. London Stock Exchange: Established in 1801, the London Stock Exchange (LSE) is one of the oldest and largest stock exchanges in the world. In terms of market capitalization, the London Stock Exchange was ranked 4th among all the other important stock exchanges in the world in March 2007. The London Stock Exchange is located in Paternoster Square near St. Paul’s Cathedral, London. The stock market index of London Stock Exchange is the Footsie (FTSE). Euro next (merged with NYSE): Founded in 2000, Euro next N.V. is a pan-European Stock Exchange, which is based in Paris. In terms of market capitalization, Euro next ranks as the fifth largest stock exchange in the world. There was a merger of Euro next with the NYSE Group, which led to the formation of NYSE Euro next and it is the first global stock exchange. The main indexes used in Euro next are the Euro next 100 Index and the Next 150 Index. The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE): Located in Mumbai, India and founded in 1875, the Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange of Asia. The main index of BSE is called the BSE Sensex (Sensitive Index) or the BSE 30. In terms of volume of transactions, the BSE was ranked as one of the top five stock exchanges in the world in 2005. Some terms that are used in t he Global Financial Markets are: Geek, a Quant Grim Nerd, a Quant Quant Big Swinging Dick Rocket Scientist White Knight Today equity research has become a specialized activity, although confined to a very small segment of the market. It would be a little early to consider equity research as an independent business segment, but at the same time it must be appreciated that the value of equity research is being felt by the market. This is an interesting stage in the growth and development of equity research, especially in a situation where the traditional individual investor is unwilling to pay for vital stock related information while the institutional investor is already paying for research reports. The phenomenal growth of the financial markets over the last quarter of a century has meant that the very character of investment has changed with ever larger scales of market capitalization. The emergence of the Fund Manager as a new value addition in investment r elated financial services is actually a part of the growth and development of the institutional investor. The fund manager’s sole objective is to ensure maximum returns for his clients whose money he invests working in tandem with research inputs. The fund manager and his client are a vital part of the institutional investment process sustained by an advanced and research driven approach to capital market investment. Equity research still has some time to develop as a sustainable business model, but like any other research activity it has its limitations in developing into a booming business. Institutional investors are willing to pay ever higher amounts for in-depth and precise research in accordance with their requirements. Some of the modes of equity research are:

Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Islam - Essay Example Being the youngest of world’s great few religions, Islam has gained huge significance and is followed by a very large population. People from very diverse backgrounds follow Islam. The day of Hajj when all these people irrespective of their identity, caste, creed, color, race, nationality, sect and ethnicity unite to recite Kalima, offer prayers and stand in one row shoulder to shoulder with each other. It is generally thought that Islam begins with the birth of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H), which is not the case. Islam existed way before the birth of Holy soul. The Holy Quran testifies this fact with the following verse Anyone who opposes Gabriel should know that he has brought down this (the Quran) into your heart, in accordance with Gods will, confirming previous scriptures, and providing guidance and good news for the believers (Surah 2:97).(Origin of Islam—Quranic Revelation, 2002). There is not a distinct difference between the spiritual and luxurious factors of lifesty le in Islam; all factors of a Muslims lifestyle are to be focused to providing Allah. Islam extended almost instantly beyond its homeland in the Arabian Peninsula, and now has considerable impact in African-American, throughout Japan, European countries, and America. (Patheos Library, 2008). In the course of almost six hundreds of years, from VII to XIII AD, Islamic society has shown its visibility in a continuous conversation with other societies and societies. In the last example, this visibility was marketed by the soul of religious and social patience existing in the Oikumene of the Arab-Muslim Caliphate, which expanded from the Indus to Gibraltar. The Nearby knowledge and Ancient purpose became element areas of the Islamic religious lifestyle. In circumstances of political, legal and religious pluralism within the structure of Islam, the designers of the traditional lifestyle of the Arab-Muslim ancient were not only

No Topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No Topic - Assignment Example The company is doing its best to improve the infrastructure, but does not have enough information about its customers. The information about customers and their needs is necessary to gain new customers. The data should be gathered and properly analyzed to get to know whom to focus on. The company is not going to make any IT innovations, but they still need to use information technologies. IT are used by the competitors and it is essential to use them to keep the competitive advantage. The probable strategy to attract new customers is widely discussed by the Carnival’s managers. One of the most important things is to make the customers loyal. The one possible way is to use customers’ relationship management. CRM strategy has been already applied but due to the rather neglecting attitude towards information technologies, the strategy was not applied successfully. CRM strategy can help Carnival attract new customers and gather important data about them

Impact of Globalization in the Aviation Industry Essay - 1

Impact of Globalization in the Aviation Industry - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the deal saw Singapore airlines inject into the company capital worth 49 million pounds and virgin Atlantic investing capital to the amount of 51 million. These capital investments brought Virgin Atlantic’s total equity investment value to the tune of 1.225 billion pounds. Over the years, the company has become more suitably placed to be able to effectively compete with other well established International airlines such as the British Airways which happens to be the UK’s leading and biggest airline at the moment. Virgin Airways is a part of the Virgin Group Conglomerate that is owned by Sir Richard Branson. The Airways is currently regarded as a market leader in the aviation industry with its dedication to researching and implementing new innovations that have the innate potential of immensely improving the customer experience of all persons who use Virgin for their transportation. This is in line with the Virgin Group’s policy of givi ng the prefix Virgin to its various businesses to indicate that the business is exceptionally daring, innovative and daring. As a result of the Virgin group’s overall success, there are many businesses outside the Virgin Group that have recently been showing immense interest in their joining the group via the establishment of joint ventures. With the constant stream of innovations and a myriad of successful marketing strategies, the Richard Branson led virgin group conglomerate has grown in value to an excess of $3.5 billion and is one of the world’s most well recognized and powerful brands. The airline has come from humble beginnings since it launched its first flight flying from London all the way to New York on June 22, 1984. After this maiden voyage, the airline quickly expanded its operations to include flight services to other areas and regions such as Miami (1986), Tokyo (1989), Boston (1987), Los Angeles (1990) AND Orlando (1988). One of the major obstacles tha t the company has ever encountered was its inability to receive permission to be able to have its planes flying out of Britain’s busiest airport, the London Heathrow airport.

The inclusion of children with down syndrome in mainstream primary Essay

The inclusion of children with down syndrome in mainstream primary schools - Essay Example The educational system has been set up to provide special programs for these children, and these programs are usually not part of the mainstream primary educational system. Recent developments and studies however point out that including children with Down syndrome in mainstream primary schools may help these children learn faster and adjust better to normal and independent living. This paper will discuss the inclusion of children with Down syndrome in mainstream primary schools. It will first introduce the disease, highlighting developmental issues commonly manifesting. An overview of the current laws for SEN and disability will then be established. The main discussion on the inclusion of children with Down syndrome in mainstream schools shall follow the legislative discussion. This essay will also discuss the special school alternative for these children. A summary and conclusion will then end this discussion. This essay is being carried out in order to provide an academic understa nding of children with Down syndrome and their related needs. It will also provide educators with a guide on future considerations for the educational needs of children with Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a disease which manifests with a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. These children also have a widely recognized appearance with the head being smaller than normal, being round and flat at the back. The inner corner of the eyes also looks rounded (ADAM Encyclopedia, 2012). Physical symptoms manifesting include: decreased muscle tone, flattened nose, small ears, small mouth, upward slant of the eyes, wide and short hands with short fingers, and excess skin at the neck (ADAM Encyclopedia, 2012). Their physical development is also slow and they are not likely to ever reach average normal height. In terms of their mental and social development, they manifest with impulsivity, poor judgment, are

Education in the patient care setting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Education in the patient care setting - Essay Example Before the means to develop and enhance the learning in my area of professional practice for a patient can be established, it is important to discuss first the different principles of learning which relate to the quality of feedback, individualization, relevance, and their applicability to practice. There are eight principles of learning which have to be considered in health education. These principles include: multi-sense learning, active learning, primacy and recency, tell them what you are going to tell them/tell them what you have told them, feedback, reward, practice and repetition, meaningful material, and holistic learning (Egle, 2007, pp. 4-5). In multi-sense learning, two or more senses are utilized, allowing the students to hear, to see, and touch, and to do (Kroehnert, 2000, p. 10). By using various techniques, it is possible to provide visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic outlets for more effective learning. Another principle – active learning also refers to learning by doing (Martyn, 2007, p. 71). This principle sets forth fact that as participants become more actively engaged in their learning, they are also likely to be engaged in the learning and application, as well as in the problem solving, and in case studies (Egle, 2007, p. 4). The third principle, primacy and recency – discusses that learners often remember the first and the last experiences (Castel, 2008, p. 429). A thorough and comprehensive introduction and conclusion are therefore important aspects of learning. The principle of telling them what you are going to tell them, and telling them what you have told discusses the fact that chunking or dividing lessons into mini-sessions can improve the learning process (Egle, 2007, p. 4). The fourth principle, that of feedback sets forth the importance of feedback from learners and trainers (Office of Assessment, Teaching, and Learning, 2010, p. 46). The message is ac tually the feedback; participants need feedback to assess their progress and the leaders need feedback to evaluate the sessions. The fifth principle is reward. This is about experiencing success and reward. Most people feel better when they are rewarded for their efforts and feeling good about themselves often leads to more improved efforts in their activities (Egle, 2007, p. 5). The sixth principle is reward, revision, and reinforcement (Sutton, 1999, p. 2). This principle sets forth that memory needs repetition of materials; the more it is repeated, the more it is ingrained in one’s memory. The seventh principle is on meaningful material. This principle basically sets forth that materials are related to previous knowledge and that participants are likely to learn best with materials which are relevant (Egle, 2007, p. 5). The last principle is on holistic learning. This principle s

For conference paper in science education Research

For conference in science education - Research Paper Example Scientific education is viewed by many experts and scholars to involve social interactions among teachers of science and students. The scope of the cultural perspective of this social interaction involves giving substantial theoretical weight to its role: seeing it, as in the Vygotskyan tradition (Vygotsky, 1963; Leontiev, 1978; Cole, 1996), to be the most important necessity to learning. This implies that when we explore such cultural perspectives, we must try as much as possible to be skeptical and critical. The most basic belief here is that we do not know why we act as we do; we only know a few reasons on a certain time scale and within a limited range of contexts. Different communities have different cultural attributes and therefore we do not know all the other reasons that arise from the functioning of our actions in far larger and more distant contexts and on longer time scales. Our individual ways of living and making a meaning are different according not only to which commu nities we have lived in, but also to which roles we chose or we were assigned to us by others- how we presented ourselves and how we were seen and treated by others. That got me wondering what is happening to the new generation. Is it the mode of delivery of the science subject? Or the teachers of science have not discovered what works best of the new generation so that they can be able to internalize concepts in science that can be able to use to venture into the field of science and make contributions to the world. This is because science is the driving force to modernization. In my paper, I hope to point out and explore the cultural ways that the teachers of science and their students are used to in the transmission of knowledge. That is , am going to discuss the known methods of learning science , The gaps that have not been filled to equip students in the field of science to become competent professional and what needs to be done to fill the gap. The first portion of this paper will provide an overview of the study of science as well as the contributions and importance of studying science in the society. The second portion of the paper will detail how the study and learning of science has been done over the years. The third portion of the paper will discuss the gaps that have not been filled in the study of science and finally, on how to implement the identified gaps in the study of science The origin of the cultural perspective to Science Education The cultural perspective of science education in its contemporary form derived mainly from the developments in social and human sciences since the 1960s. The view that science represents a unique valid approach of knowledge, disconnected from social institutions, their politics, cultural beliefs and values was strongly challenged by research in the history of science (e.g. Shapin and Schaffer, 1985). However, eventually both science education and the new scientific studies more specifically in history and soci ology took a linguistic turn and began to examine how people learned to talk and write the scientific language meaningfully and cooperatively engage in its wide range of culturally specific activities Scientific Education Every

Integrated Case Study - Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Integrated Case Study - Assignment - Essay Example Taking reference from the past experiences, ASHH PLC currently intends to implement its marketing and other associated sustainability theories within the ‘Indian hospitality sector’ so as to improvise its efficiency, survival and profitability factor irrespective of the increasing level of global competition. In keeping with these aspects, the discussion will focus towards evaluating all the sustainability strategies, that ASHH PLC have planned for implementing in the hospitality sector of India. The details regarding these aspects have been provided in the undermined sections. If seen from the economic growth perspective, it can be stated that hospitality industry within India has attained considerable amount of growth in the last few years and thus is currently accounted as an economic factor. As an additive advantage, the Indian government within the past few financial years has also projected high level of flexibility in terms of permitting appreciable amount of foreign investments (Hotel News Now, 2013). However, multiple issues are ought to arise, taking consideration of the fact that the political scenarios within India are quite different in comparison to that of Sri Lanka from where the ASHH PLC belongs. One such issue can be described as the bureaucratic environment that clouds the functionality and growth factor associated with the Indian hotels. This issue often gets linked up and is reflected as a security factor, which in turn distorts the likeness of the international customers who expects hassle free luxury and accommodation. ASHH PLC will have to deal with this issue before they strategize to expand their coverage within the domestic markets of India (Hotel News Now, 2013). The second identified issue that might restrict the functionality and profitability of ASHH PLC is regarding the price centric nature of the Indian customers. From the psychological

Ethics of Compliance Southwest Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Compliance Southwest Essay The purpose of this paper is to present, discuss, and examine the topic of ethical and social responsibility. It will discuss Southwest Airlines failure to comply with the Federal Aviation Administrations rules on inspecting aircraft and what violations occurred. On March 6, 2008, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspectors submitted documents to the United States Congress, alleging that Southwest allowed 117 of its aircraft to fly carrying passengers despite the fact that the planes were not airworthy according to air safety investigators. In some cases, the planes were allowed to fly for up to 30 months after the inspection deadlines had passed, rendering them unfit to fly. Records indicate that thousands of passengers were flown on aircraft deemed unsafe by federal standards. Clearly, this is an issue tied to social responsibility and ethics at the highest level, ignoring the safety inspections put peoples lives in jeopardy. This situation actually began in 1988, when an Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 suffered an accident that killed a flight attendant. The top of the planes fuselage tore off, opening up a large section of the planes roof, killing the flight attendant. The accident occurred because of cracks in the planes fuselage. Since then, the FAA has required regular inspections of 737 fuselages to ensure an accident like this does not occur again. In 2007, two FAA inspectors began to question documentation and inspections at Southwest Airlines. They had reason to be concerned, because they felt their concerns were being ignored, and their supervisor was not investigating their complaints. FAA inspectors Bobby Boutris and Douglas Peters testified before Congress about their experiences, and asked for whistleblower status, meaning they could not be fired from their jobs because of their testimony. Boutris was the first to question records kept by Southwest about airplane inspections. In 2003, he was in charge of inspecting engines for the 737, and he could validate the Southwests reports. He told an NPR Radio reporter, I had found a lot of inconsistencies with the records, Boutris says. They were different from aircraft to aircraft; it was very hard to determine compliance' (Goodwyn, 2008). He notes that he complained to his supervisor, Douglas Gawadzinski, but he ignored Boutris complaints. In 2006, Boutris took over safety responsibility for the entire 737-700 series aircraft, and when he reviewed Southwest, he found the same recordkeeping problems he had uncovered in 2003. He notified his supervisor and wanted to send a letter of investigation, again his supervisor G awadzinski refused to acknowledge his concerns. Boutris believes it is because Gawadzinski had a close friendship with Paul Comeau, a former FAA employee who went to work for Southwest as their manager for regulatory compliance. Anything to do with Southwest and the FAA went through these two men, and Boutris believes they routinely covered up inspection irregularities or lack of inspections. Boutris continued to complain, and Southwest asked for him to be removed from their inspections. Reporter Goodwyn continues, At first, Gawadzinski refused to remove Boutris. But it wasnt long before the supervisory maintenance inspector told Boutris he was out and that his career was in jeopardy because there had been undisclosed complaints from anonymous Southwest officials (Goodwyn, 2008). At this point, Douglas Peters, another FAA inspector, were brought in to review Boutris investigation into Southwests compliance. Goodwyn notes, The more he looked into the matter, the more he agreed with Boutris that the flying public was in danger. Peters says the situation defied logic. That something so critical would be not addressed I cant explain it. Its a mystery' (Goodwyn, 2008). People from Southwest began to contact Gawadzinski directly, instead of going through Peters. Another reporter states, The whistle-blowers complained repeatedly in memos written in 2007 that their concerns about Southwest were not being taken seriously. The underlying safety concern — the airline was unable to keep up with mandatory inspections — had been raised as early as 2003, one charged (Levin, 2008). Finally, in March 2007, Southwest admitted to flying 47 737s without completing the problem fuselage inspections, which triggered a Congressional investigation. Even more disturbing, the airline continued to fly the planes even after disclosing they had not been inspected – it took almost a week to ground the planes. The two men testified before Congress in April 2008, and the FAA fined Southwest $10. 2 million for the blunders. Reporter Levin continues, Last month, nearly a year after the initial problems were discovered, the FAA levied a $10. 2 million fine against Southwest. The vast majority of the fine was imposed because Southwest had certified that it stopped flying the planes as soon as it learned of the missed inspections, FAA officials said (Levin, 2008). These are the basic facts and timeline of the case. The major overriding issue in this case is that the FAA and Southwest conspired to cover up inspection information, and they did so at passengers and crewmembers expense. The inspections were mandated because the FAA knew this particular plane had critical safety issues. By not inspecting planes and allowing them to continue flying, they were putting everyone on those planes in jeopardy, and they knew it. That is perhaps the biggest ethical concern of this case, that the company knew they had not completed checks, but continued to fly the planes anyway. One of the whistleblowers was told they did not ground the planes because it would disrupt Southwests service and flight schedule (Goodwyn, 2008). Every airline has a social responsibility to keep their passengers and crews as safe as possible. Flying is a relatively safe form of travel, however accidents do occur. Maintaining high maintenance and safety standards is simply the right thing to do in the transportation industry; it is the ethical, moral, and socially responsible choice. For an airline to lower those standards, especially because of worries about disruption of service, is simply incomprehensible. For example, the entire airline would be in jeopardy if one of the planes had crashed, and it was found to have been because of a crack that was not detected because of a missed inspection. Indeed, inspections on the aircraft did turn up cracks in some of the planes in question, cracks that had to be repaired before the airplanes took flight again (Wilber, 2008). Thus, Southwest put people in danger, and that is a major ethical violation that has not thoroughly been addressed in the media or by the airline itself. In addition, the FAA was compliant in this ethical transgression, because they allowed it to happen, calling into question the integrity of the organization that is supposed to be primarily concerned with airline safety and maintenance. If the agency doing the oversight is questionable, it brings the entire system into question. This issue should be studied further because it raises so many moral and ethical questions, and it should be studied because it seems, since there seem to be no lasting ramifications for the FAA, that it could happen again, which is even more disturbing. The stakeholders in this case are the people who fly on Southwest Airlines. Southwest damaged their reputation by letting down their stakeholders, and that is extremely disturbing. They put passenger safety in jeopardy over worries about income and disrupted flights, when their first concern should have been safety and only safety. This calls into question the entire integrity of the company. This is more than just the classical interpretation of right and wrong, it is a moral dilemma that should have had an extremely simple solution. Ground the planes, inspect them as quickly as possible, and get them back in the air. The fact that there was any other solution seen to the problem indicates just how unethical and morally irresponsible Southwest was, and the stakeholders should demand compensation for the threat this decision made to their safety. Southwest simply got lucky that one of the affected planes did not develop more serious issues, and the $10. 2 million dollar fine seems quite low in retrospect, considering the damage that could have occurred to people and property had a plane crashed. The economic responsibility of this situation is clear; Southwest had to pay a large fine and ground the planes, losing revenue anyway. Their reputation suffered, although it did not seem to make a dent in their passenger. Most people did not even seem to care that Southwest had endangered them and only a few spoke out in blogs or in other areas when the news broke. Southwest has a serious responsibility to keep its passengers and crews safe, and they lost the trust of at least some people because of their callous disregard for safety. That is a huge moral responsibility, and Southwest has never really acknowledged their failure, which is an even larger ethical concern, it seems. In a statement before Congress, Southwest CEO Gary Kelly said, Our compliance with certain specific Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness directives has been called into question. We have committed to a thorough review and to make any changes necessary to ensure that we are in full compliance with FAA airworthiness directives and our own maintenance programs, policies, and procedures (Kelly, 2008). However, in previous testimony before Congress, Kelly and Southwest Executive Chairman Herb Kelleher both maintained that Southwest did comply with all FAA requirements, and the safety of passengers was never in question (Kelly, 2008). Thus, Southwest maintains they complied with all FAA regulations and did inspect the aircraft, only under a different maintenance directive than the one the two whistleblowers charged had not been done. It seems like a technicality, and that Southwest is not taking true moral or ethical responsibility for the incidents. They also stated that they did not think they would be fined for the maintenance issues, and it seems as if in their testimony, they were attempting to lay groundwork to fight a fine. However, they did eventually back down and stop contesting the fine, probably because they felt they looked bad enough already. Some recommendations for this case have already been completed. The FAA inspector, Gawadzinski, was transferred to another division, without contact with Southwest. Southwest placed several maintenance and safety personnel on leave, and developed new maintenance and safety guidelines. The two top executives maintain they did not know about the 2007 maintenance charges until March 2008, and as soon as they learned of them, they implemented stronger maintenance and communication directives so they would be notified and aware of any problems. These would have been at least some of the recommendations made in this case. Another would be for Southwest to undergo a major campaign to gain back the publics trust, as many people would seem to have trust issues in flying on Southwest planes. This would include a media campaign that would address trust issues, and perhaps even a campaign including top executives flying on their own planes. This would not be too costly or difficult to administer, and it would let people know that the company is actually sorry about its actions and is going to be more responsible in the future. It also seems as if the company should apologize to their stakeholders and their crewmembers, not in front of Congress, but in front of them, and with humility. Frankly, their testimony and apology to Congress sounded defensive and insincere, and a true measure of humility might be to offer anyone who flew on those planes some type of compensation or personal apology to make the situation even a little bit more palatable. Of course, that would entail a large expense, but it would make their intentions a bit more acceptable. Finally, they have to be open and above board with their maintenance issues and they have to make quite certain there is nothing questionable about any of their practices. Their maintenance and safety department must be impeccable, and it must always be open to scrutiny not only by the FAA, but by the public, as well. They owe that, at the very least, to the people that choose to fly on Southwest Airlines. In conclusion, this case indicates how deeply ethical issues can affect a business. Allowing planes to fly uninspected is a terrible disservice to the passengers and crews of this airline. It indicates a deep-seated lack of respect for the public, the employees, and the agency created to maintain air travel safety. It also indicates an arrogance that the company can flaunt the system and win. Southwest Airlines has deeper issues than maintenance and safety. It has to take a strong look at its ethics and principles, and alter them to create a more socially responsible organization that respects and values the people it serves. Without a change, the organization will certainly suffer more ethical violations in the future.

The Respective leader ship qualities of Ralph, Piggy, Jack and Simon Essay Example for Free

The Respective leader ship qualities of Ralph, Piggy, Jack and Simon Essay On the island, all four candidates possess different leadership qualities. Although the group elected Ralph as leader, he may not be the ideal boy for the job. The fact that Ralph was holding the conch was one of the main reasons why the group chose him. They had no idea what he would be like as a leader. At first Ralph seems just like any other eleven or twelve year old, just out to have fun. He is excited by the fact that there are no grown-ups on the island, and is not bothered by it at all. Another example of his childish side is where he repeatedly cries Piggy, if only to annoy Piggy. Until Piggy correctly informed him, Ralph was oblivious to the fact that the plane they were in had crashed. This is perhaps a sign that Ralph is not as clever or as alert as other people on the island are. Soon after he is told about the plane crash, Ralph is happily and joyfully interpreting the noise of a fighter plane as it glides through the sky, shooting down its opposition. At first, Ralph is not bothered about how they will be rescued, and claims that his dad (commander in the army) will undoubtedly come and rescue them. However, Piggy soon proves Ralph wrong, and suddenly Ralph feels very uneasy and vulnerable about the situation their in. Its at this point that we see a small element of leadership in Ralph, when he orders Piggy to get his clothes for him. Like piggy, Ralph came up with some good ideas that may help them towards being rescued. He was the one who suggested they build a fire on the mountaintop. The intention was that passing boats, or even aircraft, might see the smoke rising from the island. When Ralph and Piggy found the conch in the sand, Ralph just wanted to play with it happily. He didnt realise that it could be used to round up all the people on the island. When piggy and himself gather everyone on the island together, the topic of being rescued becomes even more important. Ralph became much more concerned and less fun loving. In terms of appearance, Ralph is physically quite strong and energetic, which is a worthwhile quality for leadership. Straight away, it gained him a fair amount of respect and authority within the group, which in turn gave him more control over the group. Piggy, straight away appears a sensible and somewhat mature child. He doesnt possess the element of carelessness that exists in Ralph. Quote: searching out safe lodgements for his feet, My auntie told me not to run on account of my asthma. When most people would have run ridiculously through the creepers, Piggy takes his time and thinks about his actions. Piggy is very persisting which is a good leadership skill. He asks the same question to Ralph twice. Quote: How does he know were here? Then Piggy persists in hammering it in to Ralph, that they wont be rescued very soon. Piggy was also clever enough to realise that their had been a plane crash, and that the remains had been washed out to sea. This shows how alert Piggy is, which is another important leadership quality. In fact during the novel, Piggy is nearly always alert and responsive. It soon becomes clear that Piggy is very friendly and sociable, and he is quick to ask Ralph his name. He congratulates Ralph on his unique ability to swim. Quote: You cant half swim well. This quality is in some ways a good leadership quality, because the group will feel warmed towards him. However, if Piggy was the leader, the group might end up treating him more like a friend than a leader, and might start disobeying his orders. Because Piggy is so kind and caring, he might be a bit reluctant to stand up to people and argue with them. This is perhaps one quality that would make a poor leader. In fact, Piggy rarely gets aggressive and argumentative in the book. He is very shy, and appears afraid of the older and more dominant members in the group. In fact, throughout the book Piggy is very involved with the younger members of the group. Even so, Piggy is very clever and does come up with some good ideas. He was the one who suggested they use the conch to call everyone together. He also realised the impossibility of Ralphs dad coming to rescue them. Although, later on in the book Piggys confidence is slashed greatly and he struggles to impress the group with his ideas. Piggy is also good at judging peoples character. Straight away, Piggy was very unsure about Jack, and his immediate domination in the group. This is perhaps another good leadership quality, especially in terms of being able to understand the feelings of the group, especially the younger ones. In some parts of the book we see a slightly braver side to Piggy. Firstly, where he goes against one of his aunties rules. He goes paddling in the sea, even though his auntie told him not to because of his asthma. Another time, is when he stands up to the older members of the group, criticising them and their actions on the island. Piggys physical appearance is perhaps the main reason why he is not respected by the rest of the group, and consequently why the group doesnt see him as the leader. He is rather fat, and physically weak and unfit. He wears glasses, and couldnt survive without them, and of course he has asthma which severely ruins his physical capabilities. However, physical qualities are not always important in finding a leader and are often just a bonus. When the conch is sounded for the first time, and everyone on the island comes together, we see the arrival of another prospective leader, Jack. Instantly we become aware that Jack is very arrogant and boastful. He automatically believes he should be the leader and he becomes very dominant in the group. Quote: I ought to be chief, because Im chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp. Its very clear then, that Jack wants to be the leader of the group. He constantly gives orders out to members of the choir, and they obey him grudgingly, yet responsively. Once the whole group was together for the first time, he immediately sprung into action and commissioned himself a high authority. He announced, Weve got to decide about being rescued. When Ralph came up with the idea of building a fire on the mountaintop, the group followed Jack up the mountain, and not Ralph. Jacks ability to grab peoples attention and willingly give out orders, is a quality possessed by all good leaders. However, he can be very bossy and arrogant, and in some respects selfish, which is not appreciated by the group greatly. Respectively, his personality wouldnt make him the ideal leader, especially in terms of building a firm relationship with the group. Jack could also be described as a bit of a show off and also a bit of a know it all. During the groups first ever meeting, Jack suddenly took out a knife from behind him and through it into a tree. All this in an attempt to kill a flying insect resting on the tree trunk that he missed. Again, I think this essence of his personality doesnt make him a good leader. I think when the group is working as a team, Jack would try and do everything himself, rather than take part in a joint effort. Once Ralph is chosen as the leader by the group, simply because he was holding the conch, Jack decided he would be in charge of hunting. This is a large responsibility for a child, especially when it comes to wilfully destroying a living organism. In fact, when Jack is first faced with having to slice through the flesh of an innocent pig, he looses his bottle. It appears that Jack is not as mentally strong as he first appeared. Here we see a more caring side of Jack, which is probably very rarely seen. Jack is effected by his actions in a big way, and commits himself further to hunting. A second failure later on in the book sparks even more frustration. This time Jack throws a spear and misses the pig by far. By now Jack is very anxious to hunt down a pig, and it is on his mind night and day. When he does actually kill a pig, he fills his mind with self-achievement, honour and success. This devotion and dedication is a again a good quality for a leader to have. However, because Jack spent all his time hunting, he ended up slightly neglecting the rest of the group. He didnt help with the building of the shelters at all, and as a result the shelters were a failure. As I see it a good leader would attempt to be involved in as many activities as possible. Not only to gain control of the situation, but also to motivate the group and fill them with confidence. If Jack were a quality leader, he would have taken it upon himself to get involved with all of the groups actions. Having said that, Jacks devotion to hunting did pay off in the end, but there were still other problems on the island that needed Jacks assistance. Such as shelters and organising the group to work efficiently and successfully. Simon is probably the smallest of the four, and possibly the youngest. His first involvement with Jack and Ralph, was when they went to find out if they were on an island or not. Quote: If Simon walks in the middle of us, then we could talk over his head. This shows how Simon is smaller than Jack and Ralph. Plus, it also indicates that Simon is considered as an unimportant member of the group. They make him walk in the middle so they can talk over his head, as if Simon didnt exist. It would seem that Simon is primarily a follower, for this early part of the book. Simon automatically nodded his head to whatever Ralph or Jack said. This is probably not a good quality for a leader, especially in terms of controlling the group. I think Simon feels small compared to Ralph and Jack, and because of this, and his quiet personality, he would rarely try to dominate the group. Additionally, whilst the three were together on their exploration of the island, Simon was the first to let out that he was hungry. Although any child his age would have done the same, compared with Jack, Ralph and Piggy, he would be the weakest and most vulnerable leader. Simon is very imaginative, again like any child his age. When on the exploration with Ralph and Jack, he spots some bushes, which had candle like buds. Quote: Simon spoke first. Like candles. Candle bushes. Candles buds. This also indicates that Simon is quite intelligent and is constantly mulling over ideas in his head. Another occasion where Simon has an idea is again on the exploration trip. Ralph states that they need to draw a map of the island. Simon pops up and suggests they scratch marks on bark, and fill it with black stuff. Whether they used this idea or not, it shows that Simon is trying to be helpful, and wants to be of assistance. Another example of where Simon is trying to be helpful, is where he helps Ralph with the construction of the shelters. Simon is undoubtedly dedicated to helping the group, which is a good leadership skill. He puts in a lot of effort and works hard, even if the achievement is sometimes small. Overall, I think that all four members of the group have good and bad leadership qualities. All four of them combined would make an excellent leadership combination. However, if I had to choose one of them to be leader I would select Ralph. He is dedicated to the group. He has the ability to think of new ideas. He is physically stronger than other members of the group are. The group has a lot of respect for him, which makes controlling the group much easier for Ralph. I think Jack is just too arrogant, and he would just take advantage of leadership, which wouldnt benefit the group. Piggy would make a great leader if he was able to control the group, but his physical appearance is stopping him from doing this. Lastly, Simon is just too small and weak for leadership, and I think it would be unfair for him to take on such an important and demanding role.

An Architecture for Source Code Protection

An Architecture for Source Code Protection Abstract—Due to great competition in software industry the source code and binaries have to be protected. Source code available in plain form could be easily stolen and launched on any computer using IDE. We will discuss a protocol that will be used in both (single user and teaming environment) in order to provide source code protection. This would be achieved though authentication, authorization, encryption/decryption and hashing. Keywords—Encryption; Authentication; Authorization; Hashing; Source code SC; Binaries; Integrated development environment (IDE); Authentication server Ticket Granting Server (ATGS) INTRODUCTION In software industry, the most important asset of the industry is the source code of the software which is being developed. There is a lot of work that has been done in the secure communication, secure databases, and other security services in applications but the source code itself is not being protected which might result in a great financial and data loss for an organization. Due to great competition in software Industry Company coming up with new and unique ideas and launches it in the market will in return generate great revenue. So in software industry it’s just about the idea that matters. Most of the software companies don’t leak out their upcoming products until they are ready to be released in the market. Due to the importance of the idea and source code, source code theft is the biggest threat in software industry. Source code theft could be physical or via some botnet. In physical source code theft a person might get access to your system and copies the source files and takes it to his own system to recompile with the IDE. He got access to all of your work without any difficulty. The other case could be a Lab environment where many users have access to a common machine. In this situation any person logging on the system can view history in the IDE he could also access those source files if they are made available. In the second type where your competitors know the importance of your system might launch a botnet on your machine. In this ways all your important files (including source files etc) could be stolen and sent to a remote machine. The person getting access to these source files might get a great benefit from it. Our work is to encrypt these source files and binaries generated by the IDE using cryptographic technique. Because if we don’t protect the binaries, the binary could be reversed engineered to extract source code using some decompiler [1]. JAD could be used to launch a reverse engineering attack on binaries [2]. Some software’s are available in the market that encrypts your files (including source files etc) but these files have to be encrypted manually every time. Due to this extra effort people just skip it. In our model source files and binaries would be automatically encrypted whenever the user performs the Save, Save As and Execute operation. In this way the developer could pay his full attention on software development without caring about its protection. Our technique will provide confidentiality to source code and binaries, tempering of source code and idea leaking. RELATED WORK The idea of protecting source code and its binaries was influenced from some of its related work Guy-Armand Yandji, Lui Lian Hao, Amir-Eddine Youssouf, Jules Ehoussou [3] presented a model for normal file encryption and decryption. The paper describes a methodology using AES and MD5 for encrypting files. The outcome file that will as a result be hashed and strongly encrypted through the software. Xiufeng Zhang and Qiaoyan Wen [4] described the flexibility of Java language, which makes the protection become very difficult. Using decompiler [5] such as Jad we can easily extract the source code from the binary file. Therefore, any malicious users can use the anti-compiler tools to make reverse-engineering attacks. The paper presented an AOP-Based J2EE Source Code Protection technique in they gave solution to the problem that arises when encrypting J2EE applications. ByungRae Cha [6] presented a CRYPTEX model for protecting software source code. The model presented safe protection and access control of software source codes. The access control to the source code was achieved using digital certificate. The CRYPTEX consisted of software source codes and an algorithm to control access. A White Paper sponsored by CA Technologies [7] for Protecting API’s against attack and hijack presented a secure API architecture. APIs are windows into applications and as with any window an API can easily be misused. APIs put applications under the hacker mi croscope and increase attack surface on client application. So a solution was presented using SecureSpan API proxy. SVN [8] and CVS [9] are used to control versions. A version control system keeps track of all work and all changes in a set of files, and allows several developers to access them. Access to these files is controls using authentication and authorization if the files are not open source. Subversion can operate on network which will allow various people to modify and manage the same set of data. RISK FACTORS Source code is the main asset of any product, if somehow the source code is compromised the whole product get compromised. It should be necessary to become aware of the threats that are caused when source code or the binaries are compromised: Source code can be used to steal the idea behind that product and can be used to make a similar product. Source code can give attackers information about the working of your application and it will also provide him the loopholes in your application which would help him to launch attacks. Binary files can be revered engineered to generate source files using a decompiler and possible attacks could be launched by those source files. By having the source code or binaries the attacker can add some unwanted feature to that product and make that malicious product available to the public Bypass license checks (patching) in your product and make a free copy available to public. MANUALLY ENCRYPTING AND DECRYPTING You can encrypt and decrypt the source files and binaries manually using some software but in our approach the source files and binaries would be encrypted and decrypted automatically without any extra effort. Time Consuming Because we have to do encryption and decryption manually with the help of some software so existing approach might be more time consuming then ours. Purchase of extra Software We might need to purchase extra software in order to perform this encryption and decryption of source files and binaries. In our approach no extra software is required to perform this task. This would be a feature inside the IDE. More Secure Our approach is more secure than the existing one because the developer might forget to do this operation and leave the source files and binaries unencrypted. While in our approach whenever you exit the IDE the source files and binaries would be encrypted before closing IDE. In our approach developer won’t need to care about the protection of source files and binaries these would be secured automatically at backend. SOURCE CODE PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTS Our focus is on two types of source code protection environments Single User Environment Teaming Environment Single User Envirnoment In a single user environment a single user using IDE on his system would face all the challenges to the source code that we have discussed above. The Source code is stored on the local drive onto the system in plain form. Anyone getting access to that drive can misuse the source code. We have to protect this source code by providing some kind of security measures. Proposed Solution First the user will be authenticated. So when the user launches the IDE a login screen will appear he would enter his username and password if his logging for the first time he has to get registered and the hash of the password would be taken and stored with username at some secure place (i.e. database ). If his already registered the entered password has to be hashed and is compared with the hash that is already stored with a particular username. Now if the both hash match then the user would be logged in to the IDE with a particular ID as shown in figure 1. If there is some kind of error the user would be asked to re-enter again, Skip and run IDE normally or exit. Fig. 1. Authentication sequence diagram Our main emphasis would be on Save, Save As, Open and execute operations because these operations require security enforcement. Say the user tries to open an existing

The Destruction of Innocence in Shakespeares Othello Essays -- GCSE E

The Destruction of Innocence in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚   One way, albeit a partial way, of reading the tragedy of 'Othello' is too see it as the destruction of innocence, trust, and idealized love by a cynical and maliciously motivated worldliness, which regards the very existence of innocence and beauty as its motivation: 'the divinity of hell'. Iago's manipulative malignity is a crucial factor in the tragic catastrophe but it also serves to highlight through contrast the alternative values in the play, amongst which one can include innocence and naivety. In the argument below innocence is understood to be inexperience of the world but also that which is separated from evil. Naivety has the meaning of gullibility, even folly but more positively is the condition of the child, trusting, artless and unaffected by the cynical questioning and deceit which characterizes the worldly. Shakespeare portrays naivety and innocence principally, but not exclusively, through the characterization of Desdemona and Othello, and through a whole range of dramatic techniques: their language, behavior, their interaction with other characters, the imagery applied to them etc. The portrayal of the qualities is a complex one which is significant in the following ways. Firstly, the vulnerability of innocence and naivety helps drive the play towards its tragic conclusion, although it is matter of debate whether the principal cause of the catastrophe is the vulnerability of innocence or the ingenuity of wickedness. Secondly, the values of innocence and naivety comprise values which are dramatized in opposition to those represented principally by Iago; each illuminates the other. This is one of the conflicts central to the dramatic action. The contrast betwe... ...'s Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 1-19) Bloom, Harold. "Introduction" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. (1-6) Hale, Steven. Class lectures. Georgia Perimeter College. April 20th -30th, 1999 Jones, Eldred. "Othello- An Interpretation" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 39-55) Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968. Neely, Carol. "Women and Men in Othello" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 68-90) Snyder, Susan. "Beyond the Comedy: Othello" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. (page 23-37)

the pledge of allegiance Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pledge Of Allegiance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pledge of Allegiance was written in 1892 by a man named Francis Bellamy for a children’s magazine called The Youth’s Companion. Mr. Bellamy wanted the flag to fly above every school in America so that children would feel pride and love for their country when reciting the words to the Pledge of Allegiance. That was before the recent September 11, 2001 attacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pledge of Allegiance is a solemn oath of allegiance or fidelity to the U.S. I pledge allegiance, has always meant a strong devotion to or a solemn promise of loyalty of a citizen to his or her government. This is nothing but the truth since September 11,2001. More than ever have we all seen the strong devotion and dedication to this great country. In the first few days after the terrorist’s attacks you couldn’t buy an American flag anywhere. Everyone had in some way symbolized his or her strong patriotism, in a visual sense and an emotional sense. It didn’t seem to have the strong feeling that accompanied the strong words until recent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To the flag, a piece of cloth varying in size, shape, color, and design, usually attached to one end of a staff or cord and used as the symbol of a nation, state or organization. Not these days. The flag that we are talking about is not about size, shape and color. A symbol of a nation is closer but doesn’t capture it. What we are clear... the pledge of allegiance Essay -- essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pledge Of Allegiance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pledge of Allegiance was written in 1892 by a man named Francis Bellamy for a children’s magazine called The Youth’s Companion. Mr. Bellamy wanted the flag to fly above every school in America so that children would feel pride and love for their country when reciting the words to the Pledge of Allegiance. That was before the recent September 11, 2001 attacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pledge of Allegiance is a solemn oath of allegiance or fidelity to the U.S. I pledge allegiance, has always meant a strong devotion to or a solemn promise of loyalty of a citizen to his or her government. This is nothing but the truth since September 11,2001. More than ever have we all seen the strong devotion and dedication to this great country. In the first few days after the terrorist’s attacks you couldn’t buy an American flag anywhere. Everyone had in some way symbolized his or her strong patriotism, in a visual sense and an emotional sense. It didn’t seem to have the strong feeling that accompanied the strong words until recent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To the flag, a piece of cloth varying in size, shape, color, and design, usually attached to one end of a staff or cord and used as the symbol of a nation, state or organization. Not these days. The flag that we are talking about is not about size, shape and color. A symbol of a nation is closer but doesn’t capture it. What we are clear...

The Essential Role Of Stereotype In Propaganda Essay -- Media Stereoty

The Essential Role Of Stereotype In Propaganda People encounter propaganda and stereotypes in their daily lifestyle from social interaction with peers to family and the media. Propaganda and stereotype are correlative; however their conceptual fundaments are different. Propaganda is a systematic manipulation of public opinion that is consciously disseminated to promote a doctrine or cause. Contemporary propaganda deliberately attempts to alter peoples’ opinion and influence human behaviour through common broadcasters such as â€Å"politicians, advertisers, journalists, and radio personalities† (Delwiche 2002). Stereotype is defined as â€Å"a conventional, formulaic and over simplified conception, opinion or image† (Dictionary.com 2004). These generalizations influence peoples’ attitudes, values, beliefs and habits, as it conveys a biased perception towards an individual or a specific group. Stereotypes include, people conforming to a fixed image of an individual’s characteristics, based on race , age, gender, religion, and any other basis of subjectivity. Stereotype plays an active role in propaganda as it is publicly broadcasted to persuade the majority of people that encounter the misleading information. The tactics executed by the government in campaigns and regarding ethical dilemmas tends to be based on unsubstantiated evidence, which slanders an ethnic reputation and creates unnecessary criticisms of sexual orientation. Propaganda and stereotypes work well simultaneously, taking into account propaganda tactics are incorporated in politicians’ strategy of deceiving people. Propagandists eminently use compelling arguments as a method to persuade and sway individuals opinions; contrarily, the information is misleading because it ... ...ed on March 31, 2004. Thorpe, David (2004). The national gay & lesbian newsmagazine: The Advocate Spotlighting AIDS p.4. Online at: , consulted on March 29, 2004 Zogby, James J. The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs: The Bombings of U.S. Embassies and U.S. Rocket Attacks on Afghanistan and Sudan: Arab Americans Must Condemn All Purveyors of Hatred. Washington: Nov 1998. Vol. XVII, Iss. 7; pg 12. Online at: , consulted on March 30, 2004.

Critique of “Against Gay Marriage” Essay

In his essay â€Å"Against Gay Marriage,† William Bennett, a great spokesman for conservatives and former Secretary of education under President Reagan, maintains his conservative stance that allowing same-sex couples to marry would have a harmful and lasting effect on our society’s intrinsic values and, in his view, would stretch the â€Å"fragile† institution of marriage beyond recognition (409). Bennett, as the title indicates, presents a powerful argument â€Å"Against Gay Marriage.† He argues that allowing gay marriage would change the meaning of marriage, the ideal of marriage as being an â€Å"honorable estate,† and would have a large role in molding sexuality (409). One does not have to agree with Bennett to appreciate the strength and honesty of his mind. Still, although he raises thoughtful objections to same-sex marriage, his claims overall read more like an outline, lacking specifics and expert opinions, referring to one organized, caref ul study, and committing a number of logical fallacies that muddy and diminish the effectiveness of his argument. Throughout his essay, Bennett makes many underlying assumptions about same sex couples and the legalization of homosexual marriage. From the beginning, Bennett states that even entertaining such a debate â€Å"would be pointless,† were it not for the â€Å"confused time† we find ourselves in (409). Bennett does concede, however, that arguments made by homosexual advocates such as Andrew Sullivan are â€Å"intelligent† ones, and even â€Å"conservative,† and â€Å"politically shrewd† (409), when touching on the idea that allowing gay marriage would actually promote healthy long term relationships. Sullivan does an excellent job of arguing his point that legalization of gay marriage would in fact,  help promote healthy relationships and monogamous tendencies, which in his essay he states that the legalization of gay marriage would in fact also encourage homosexuals to â€Å"make a deeper commitment to one another and to society† (409). From here though, for William Bennett the views expressed in his editorial piece are clear cut, simple, and largely dismissive in their tone. Besides this claim, to Bennett there are no reasons in his mind why gay marriage should be legal. Bennett admits, though Sullivan’s argument is shrewd, Sullivan is not right. In fact, Bennett would insist and has an underlying assumption in his essay that gay marriages will weaken the institution of marriage even more and will not be truly monogamous and committed to each other because of the â€Å"openness† of gay relationships and that homosexuals have â€Å"less restrained sexual practices† (410). Bennett’s continuous assumptions that gays cannot be truly monogamous and committed shows that to him there exists no room for compromise on the matter, and weakens the strength of his argument. Bennett also throughout his essay makes many fallacious arguments for example, in his opening, Bennett makes a very strong assertion if not an outright overstatement, when he says that recognizing homosexual marriage would symbolize the potent change in the interpretation and characterization of marriage, and â€Å"would be the most radical step ever taken in the deconstruction of society’s most important institution† (409). Of course, Bennett is respected for his personal opinions, but the reader may wonder if any studies or expert opinions exist to support Bennett’s view, to which he has none. This yet again takes away from the strength of his argument because, unlike in Ryan Anderson’s â€Å"Marriage: What It Is, Why It Matters and the Consequences of Redefining It† where claim after claim Anderson presents the reader with numerous statistics and expert testimony on why marriage should not be changed and the repercussions and â€Å"dangers† of gay marriage being legalized. Anderson presents the argument that marriage exists to bring a man and a woman together as husband and wife, to be father and mother to any children they create. Anderson states that marriage increases the chances that the man will be devoted to both the children that he helps produce, and to the woman with whom he does so. Anderson then backs this up with testimony from Maggie Gallagher, a popular social conservative  commentator, that joining sex, babies, and moms and dads, is the role of marriage and helps explain why the government rightly respects and addresses this feature of our social lives. In the next paragraph, Bennett wanting to suppress the movement toward the redefinition of marriage, cites the rather peculiar example of two brothers: â€Å"On what principled grounds could the advocates of same-sex marriage oppose the marriage of two consenting brothers?† (409). By citing two homosexual brothers, Bennett commits the â€Å"straw man† fallacy. That is, he reasons from an exceptional case that defies logic and, once recognized, does little for his argument. Who else has ever seen such an extreme example? Is this a real pair of brothers, or are they merely made up and cited for the sake of argument? Whether or not these brothers are fictitious is never stated, but as Andrew Sullivan puts it in his essay â€Å"For Gay Marriage†, the right to marry has been appropriately denied by the state to close family members and relatives because â€Å"familial emotional ties† are too powerful to permit a marriage contract to be entered freely by two independent adults (404). In this regard, Sullivan believes homosexuals do not fit into the same category. To believe that the realization of allowing same sex marriage would lead to the further breakdown of laws governing familial misconduct, such as incest or polygamy, is outlandish. It appears that one logical fallacy breeds another, as in the very next paragraph, Bennett co mmits what seems to be a glaring over-generalization. He states â€Å"Nor is this view arbitrary or idiosyncratic† (409), to say marriages, especially in today’s society, cannot be whimsical or happen by chance because that’s what has gone on for thousands of years or what the major religions state is ridiculous. Even though at one point marriage was seen as a way to increase survival chances and secure your livelihood, it is no longer viewed that way. We no longer live in the middle ages or the 1800’s. People today marry for love and their emotional bonds with people, and love’s intrinsic value is to be random and can happen to anyone. Nor should religious traditions dictate whether gay marriage should be legalized or not, as today there are numerous homosexuals in all branches of major religions; there are gay bishops and preachers, this shows that both religion and homosexuals can coexist and be beneficial to society. Bennett’s final strong claim about gay marriage is that the legalization of  same-sex marriage will lead to teens being confused about their sexuality, conservative parents will be denied their rights to instill their values about sexuality to their children, and that heterosexuals are better parents than their homosexual counterparts. Bennett makes many over generalizations about the impact the signals of legalizing gay marriage would send to teens. Bennett almost contradicts himself with the inclusion of the quote from Harvard professor E.L. Patullo, â€Å"a very substantial number of people are born with the potential to live either straight or gay lives† (410). Many people are born with the potential to lead gay or straight lives, it is a choice, and the legalization of gay marriage would not cause societal indifference, but would rather foster a welcoming environment for young gays to come out into rather than living in fear or shame because of the hate and reper cussions of being homosexual. Bennett also over generalizes the findings of an article about teenagers and adults being interviewed about being gay and bisexual. Fifty kids and dozens of parents and counselors does not speak for the whole population of a country, but also shows the weakness of Bennett’s argument as it shows the lack of actual education there is in much of the country on the subject of homosexuality. Bennett also makes assumptions about how conservative parents will lose the right to teach their kids their views on sexuality if same sex marriage were legalized. Just because gay marriage would be legal and the subject of homosexuality would be taught in school more does not mean at home parents could not teach their children their values. If parents did however, cause an uproar and keep their children from being exposed to certain views on homosexuality just because they didn’t want that to happen, they would be viewed as â€Å"intolerant bigots† (411). Finally Bennett makes a glaring assumption and overgeneralization stating that it is far better for a child to be raised by a heterosexual couple rather â€Å"than by, say, two homosexual males† (411). In the Film â€Å"Daddy & Papa† it shows four separate families, all homosexual males, and how they all care, love, and are just as capable of raising children as heterosexual couples. They want nothing more for their children than what any heterosexual couple would want for their kids, the best possible life. Bennett may believe that the legalization of gay marriage will destroy the  institution of marriage, but time after time homosexuals have proven they are just as capable of fulfilling the duties of marriage as heterosexuals, and it is a part of our society today. To have equality for all citizens, it is a right that will soon have to occur. Work Cited Sullivan, Andrew. â€Å"For Gay Marriage†. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. 11 ed. Ed. Suzanne Phelps Chambers. Boston: Longman, 2011. 404-407. Print. Anderson, Ryan T. â€Å"Marriage: What It Is, Why It Matters, and the Consequences of Redefining It.† _The Heritage Foundation_. The Heritage Foundation, 11 Mar. 2013. Web. 25 Sept. 2014 _Daddy & Papa: A Documentary Film_. Prod. Johnny. Symons. Dir. Johnny. Symons. By Johnny. Symons. 2002.

AP European History

However, the Soviet union established a scalded unionism regime that did not adhere to the Ideologies In which communism was oral signally created, which was to serve the masses. This form of communism failed in countries such as P land, Czechoslovakia. And Hungary. The original intent of communism was meant to have a classless society. However, the e soviet communist parties did not actually achieve that. As Molotov Dismissal wrote In The New Class, â€Å"The exclusive, if unwritten, law that only party members can become policeman, officers, diplomats, and only they can exercise actual authority, creates a special privileged group of bureaucrat TTS. The unofficial class of bureaucrats defied the true meaning of communism. Communists rulers cream Ted an illusion that was named communism, but In its basis, was not communism whatsoever. Soviet communists used their privileges to create a class that pushed the everyday cit Zen further down and limited the progress an individual can ma ke. The everyday citizen was force deed to live a life where they wake up, work, go home, eat, and sleep. The citizens were stripped down t o their basic necessities that were sometimes even rejected.Croatian columnist, Slovenia Dreadful , wrote how, Every mother in Bulgaria can point to where communism failed, from the failure of t he planned economy. To the lack of apartments, child care facilities, clothes, disposable diapers, or toilet paper. † The communist did not provide all the necessities for people to live comfortably. Still, kept suppressing the lower class, while the bureaucrats lived comfortably. Communism m was never meant to have a society in which an individual is held back from their necessities. Yet , The soviet communists repressed many necessities and civil rights which included freedom of s beech and public expression.Vocal Have, president of Czechoslovakia, spoke in his New Year's Day Address of 199 how, â€Å"Our country is not flourishing. The great cr eative and spiritual potential of our nation is not being applied meaningfully. † Have perfectly understood that communism withheld a lot of their creativity by not allowing people to freely express themselves. He even mentioned how, â€Å"The state, which calls itself a state of workers, is humiliating and exploiting them instead. † Communist worked pee pole extremely hard for a low wage â€Å"producing things for there is no demand while we are in short o f things we need. †Soviet communists took advantage of the power they had over the citizens and used t hat power to enlarge the gap between leaders of the communist party and the people being ruled According to a Croatian columnist, Slovenia Dramatic, â€Å"the banality of everyday life is where it [communism] really failed, rather than on the level of ideology. † The communist party did not provide enough services for the people which caused the people be opposed to communism. Without the support of th e people, communism was bound to fail. People are what makes the sees once of government. Without people, there would be no government.The Soviet government did not make life or the everyday citizen to feel as though they were being heard or included into all the e decisions that were being made by the government every day. Without a classless society, honest rulers, or support from the ruled, communism in t he Soviet Union set itself up for failure. The citizens of the eastern European socialist states ha d no right to go through life under communist rule by the Soviets. Communism did not improve the e economy, or unify the states. Communism actually did the opposite; it impoverished the countries and s operated the states. AP European History However, the Soviet union established a scalded unionism regime that did not adhere to the Ideologies In which communism was oral signally created, which was to serve the masses. This form of communism failed in countries such as P land, Czechoslovakia. And Hungary. The original intent of communism was meant to have a classless society. However, the e soviet communist parties did not actually achieve that. As Molotov Dismissal wrote In The New Class, â€Å"The exclusive, if unwritten, law that only party members can become policeman, officers, diplomats, and only they can exercise actual authority, creates a special privileged group of bureaucrat TTS. The unofficial class of bureaucrats defied the true meaning of communism. Communists rulers cream Ted an illusion that was named communism, but In its basis, was not communism whatsoever. Soviet communists used their privileges to create a class that pushed the everyday cit Zen further down and limited the progress an individual can ma ke. The everyday citizen was force deed to live a life where they wake up, work, go home, eat, and sleep. The citizens were stripped down t o their basic necessities that were sometimes even rejected.Croatian columnist, Slovenia Dreadful , wrote how, Every mother in Bulgaria can point to where communism failed, from the failure of t he planned economy. To the lack of apartments, child care facilities, clothes, disposable diapers, or toilet paper. † The communist did not provide all the necessities for people to live comfortably. Still, kept suppressing the lower class, while the bureaucrats lived comfortably. Communism m was never meant to have a society in which an individual is held back from their necessities. Yet , The soviet communists repressed many necessities and civil rights which included freedom of s beech and public expression.Vocal Have, president of Czechoslovakia, spoke in his New Year's Day Address of 199 how, â€Å"Our country is not flourishing. The great cr eative and spiritual potential of our nation is not being applied meaningfully. † Have perfectly understood that communism withheld a lot of their creativity by not allowing people to freely express themselves. He even mentioned how, â€Å"The state, which calls itself a state of workers, is humiliating and exploiting them instead. † Communist worked pee pole extremely hard for a low wage â€Å"producing things for there is no demand while we are in short o f things we need. †Soviet communists took advantage of the power they had over the citizens and used t hat power to enlarge the gap between leaders of the communist party and the people being ruled According to a Croatian columnist, Slovenia Dramatic, â€Å"the banality of everyday life is where it [communism] really failed, rather than on the level of ideology. † The communist party did not provide enough services for the people which caused the people be opposed to communism. Without the support of th e people, communism was bound to fail. People are what makes the sees once of government. Without people, there would be no government.The Soviet government did not make life or the everyday citizen to feel as though they were being heard or included into all the e decisions that were being made by the government every day. Without a classless society, honest rulers, or support from the ruled, communism in t he Soviet Union set itself up for failure. The citizens of the eastern European socialist states ha d no right to go through life under communist rule by the Soviets. Communism did not improve the e economy, or unify the states. Communism actually did the opposite; it impoverished the countries and s operated the states.